نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران

2 سازمان پ‍ژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران

چکیده

نوآوری برای رشد و توسعه اقتصادی مهم است و دولتها با اعمال سیاستهای نوآوری سعی در توسعه نوآوری دارند. در دو دههء اخیر موج جدیدی در حوزهء سیاست‌گذاری نوآوری به عنوان سیاست‌های نوآوری طرف تقاضا مطرح شده است که از طرف صاحب‌نظران این حوزه مورد توجه جدی قرار گرفته و این دیدگاه وجود دارد که در صورت همراهی سیاست‌های طرف تقاضا با سیاست‌های طرف عرضه عملاً تاثیرگذاری بیشتری حاصل خواهد شد. در گروه سیاست‌های طرف تقاضا، ابزار‌های مختلف و متعددی مانند تدارک عمومی نوآوری‌گرا ، مقررات و استانداردهای نوآوری‌گرا و نشان‌گذاری مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند.
در کشور ما سیاست‌های نوآوری طرف عرضه مانند تاسیس موسسات دانشگاهی و تحقیقاتی دولتی، حمایت از تحقیق و توسعه در واحدهای صنعتی از دهه‌های قبل مورد توجه بوده و در سال‌های اخیر نیز در قالب برنامه‌های موثری مانند صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی از تنوع بیشتری برخوردار شده است. این مقاله در صدد است شناخت بیشتری از سیاست‌های طرف تقاضا، منطق سیاستی آنها، انواع ابزارهای سیاستی قابل استفاده در این زمینه، چالش‌های پیش روی این سیاست‌ها و شمایی از روند استفاده از این سیاست‌ها را در اروپا بدست دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Demand-side innovation policies (Nature, instruments, policy rationales, challenges and the implementation trend)

چکیده [English]

Governments’ intervention on enhancement of innovation through innovation policy making may be made in developed countries to maintain competitiveness but in developing countries like Iran, could be for the aim of catching up promotion at national level. So, for our country applying right and effective policies has critical importance.

In our country the supply side innovation policies, such as establishment of academic and government research institutions, supporting research and development in industry, has been implemented since last decades, and in recent years, in the form of effective programs such as, Innovation and Efflorescence Fund, has become more diverse.

In the last two decades, a new wave in the area of innovation policies, as demand-side innovation policies has been emerged that has been known important by innovation policy experts, in their opinion, if demand-side policies accompanied by supply-side policies, the result actually will be more effective.

In demand-side policies category, various tools such as, innovation-oriented public procurement, innovation-based regulations and standards, and labeling are being used. The purpose of this paper is that to provide more understanding to demand-side policies, their policy logic, a variety of policy instruments applicable in this field, and explain a depiction of these policies implementation trend in Europe.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • innovation policies
  • demand-side innovation policies
  • policy instruments
  • policy rationales
  • Innovation-Oriented Public Procurement
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