نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین
2 گروه توسعه کارآفرینی،دانشکده کارآفرینی،دانشگاه تهران،تهران،ایران
3 گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران
چکیده
استفاده از ادبیات گذشته فناوری برای فهم آینده فناوری کافی به نظر نمی رسد از اینرو همراه با تغییرات پرشتاب فناوری مفاهیم آن نیز نیاز به تکامل دارد؛ با توجه به اهمیت فناوری های پایه و ویژگی های منحصر به فرد آن، این فناوری ها به عنوان یک مساله با اهمیت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. این مطالعه با هدف تحلیل مفهوم فناوری های پایه، رسیدن به یک تعریف اولیه و کاربرد آن در تحقیقات بعدی در جهت شفاف سازی مفهوم فناوری های پایه در ادبیات انجام شده است .
برای دستیابی به این هدف از روش هیبرید استفاده شد؛ در مرحله نظری به بررسی مفهوم فناوری های پایه در متون WOS، پرداخته شد. در مرحله میدانی از روش تحلیل مفهوم و ترکیب رویکرد واکر و اوانت و سودابی با 12 نفر از متخصصین و اساتید دانشگاهی از رشته های مختلف مهندسی و مدیریت که دارای سوابق علمی و اجرایی در این زمینه بودند مصاحبه های عمیق صورت گرفت و تحلیل نهایی با ابزار تحلیل استراوس و کوربین انجام پذیرفت. درنهایت چهارچوب تحلیل مفهومی به عنوان مبنایی جهت تحلیل مفهوم فناوری های پایه ارائه شد. همچنین با تعیین جایگاه آن در سطح بلوغ فناوری و تعیین معیار ها و بیان ویژگی های آن اقدام به ارائه یک تعریف جامع از فناوری های پایه شد. نتایج این بررسی میتواند تصویری عینی و قابل درک از فناوری های پایه و کاربردهای آن ارائه دهد و زمینه ای برای توسعه تحقیقات بعدی و روشن کردن ابعاد جدید از فناوری باشد. همچنین با توجه یافته های پژوهش در پایان پیشنهاداتی نیز ارائه شده است .
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Introducing the “Basic Technology ” As a New Concept in the Technology Management Literature: Concept Analysis
نویسندگان [English]
- Navid Varghaei 1
- Mohammad Azizi 2
- Hamidreza Yazdani 3
1 student at Islamic Azad University of Qazvin
2 Entrepreneurship Development,Faculty of Entrepreneurship ,Tehtan University,Tehran,Iran
3 Human Resources,Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi ,Tehran University,Qom,Iran
چکیده [English]
Using previous literature to comprehend the future of technology appears to be insufficient. Hence, as technology evolves rapidly, so must its concepts. Given the importance of basic technologies and their unique qualities, they have been regarded as highly significant. This study was conducted to analyse the notion of basic technologies, offer a primary definition, and demonstrate how it might be used in subsequent research to clarify the idea of basic technologies in the literature.
To this end, a hybrid approach was adopted. The concept of basic technologies in WOS texts was studied in the theoretical section. In the field study, using content analysis and integrating Walker and Avant’s approach with the SODABI approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 experts and university professors from various fields of engineering and management who had academic and executive experiences. The final analysis was carried out using the Corbin and Strauss analysis method. The content analysis framework was then presented as the foundation for the content analysis of basic technologies. Furthermore, a comprehensive definition of basic technologies was presented by determining their importance in the maturity of technology, as well as its standards and qualities. The findings of this study can provide an objective and comprehensible picture of basic technologies and their applications, paving the way for future research and shedding light on new dimensions of technology. Additionally, based on the research findings, some suggestions were offered in the conclusion.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Technology؛
- Basic Technologies؛
- Concept Analysis؛
- Science to Technology؛ ؛؛
- Hybrid Method
- Alexander, J.; Chase, J.; Newman, N.; Porter, A.; Roessner, J.; “Emergence as a conceptual framework for understanding scienti_c and technological progress”, In 2012 Proceedings of PICMET'12: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, pp. 1286-1292, 2012.
- Jamison, A.; Hård, M.; “The Story-lines of Technological Change:Innovation, Construction and Appropriation”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 81-91, 2003.
- Avant, W.; Strategies for Theory Construction, United States of America, Pearson Education Limited, 163: 167, 2014.
- Rodgers, B. L.; Knafl, K. A.; (Eds.), Concept development in nursing: Foundations, techniques, and applications, 2nd ed., pp. 77–102, Philadelphia: Saunders, 1989.
- Boon, W.; Moors, E.; “Exploring emerging technologies using metaphors A study of orphan drugs and pharmacogenomics”, Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 66, Issue 9, pp. 1915-1927, 2008.
- Borrás, B. Å.; Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, J. M. Fagerberg, Innovation Handbook, landan: Oxford University Pres, pp. 599-631, 2005.
- Carlaw, K.; Oxley, L.; Walker, P.; Thorns, D.; Nuth, M.; “BEYOND THE HYPE: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY/KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY”, Journal of Economic Surveys, No. 20, pp. 633-690, 2006.
- Cho, D. H.; Yu, P. I.; “Influential factors in the choice of technology acquisition mode an empirical analysis of small and medium size firms in the Korean telecommunication industry”, Technovation, Vol. 20, Issue 12, pp. 691-704, 2000.
- Corrocher, N.; Malerba, F.; Montobbio, F.; “The emergence of new technologies in the ICT _eld: main actors, geographical distribution, and knowledge sources”, Working Papers of Faculty of Economics, Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria, pp. 89-200, 2003.
- Cozzens, S. E.; Gatchair, S.; Kang, J.; Kim, K.-S.; Lee, H. J.; Ordo~nez, G.; Porter, ; “Emerging technologies: quantitative identi cation and measurement”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 361-376, 2010.
- Daniele Rotolo, D. H.; “What Is Emerging Technology”, Research Policy, No. 2, 2015.
- Day, G. S.; Schoemaker, P. J. H.; “Avoiding the pitfalls of emerging technologies”, California Management Review, Vol. 42, Issue 2, pp. 8-33, 2000.
- Douglas Terrier; taxonomy, Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/home/taxonomy, 2020.
- EPSRC; “Evaluation of the Basic Technology”, Programme Findings and Recommendations of the Review Panel, 2010.
- Feynman, Richard P.; Ralph Leighton; Surely You›re Joking, Mr. Feynman! Adventures of a Curious Character, W. W. Norton & Co. 1985.
- Freeman, C.; “The greening of technology and models of innovation”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, No. 53, pp. 27-39, 1996.
- Freeman, C.; Perez, C.; “Structural Crises of Adjustment, Business Cycles, and Investment Behaviour”, In Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson, R., Silverberg, J., and Soete, L. (eds), pp. 38-66, 1988.
- Gorecky, D.; Schmitt, M.; Loskyll, M.; Zühlke, D.; “Human-Machine-Interaction in the Industry 4.0 Era”, 12th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Infomatic, pp. 289–294, 2014.
- Hajihoseini, H.; “Theoretical bases of technology development from schools viewpoint”, Iranian Journal of Industrial Technology Development, Vol. 5, pp. 5-14, 2005. {In Persian}
- Halaweh, M.; “Emerging Technology: What is it?”, Journal of technology management & innovation, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 19-20, 2013.
- Hung, S.-C.; Chu, Y.-Y.; “Stimulating new industries from emerging technologies: challenges for the public sector”, Technovation, Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 104-110, 2006.
- Khalil Tarek; Management of Technology the key to competitiveness and wealth creation, 2000.
- Kristin Alford, S. K.; “The Complex Futures of Emerging Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities for Science”, Foresight and Governance in Australia, Futures Studies, 67, 2012.
- MacInnis, D. J.; “A framework for conceptual contributions in marketing”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 75, Issue 4, pp. 136-154, 2011.
- Marika Arena, G. A.; “Future-oriented Technology Analysis: a classification framework. Innovation Conference, Innovating Our Common Future, Berlin, Germany: LUT Scientific and Expertise, 2020.
- Martin, B. R.; “Foresight in science and technology”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 139-168, 1995.
- Martin, B. R.; Tang, P.; The Benefits from Publicly Funded Research, SPRU Working Paper Series 161, SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex. 2007
- McEwen, M. M.; THEORETICAL BASIS for Nursing, new york: wolter Kluwer, pp. 55-56, 2014.
- MirakAbad, A.; Niazi, E.; Salehi, S.; “Futures studies of Key Technologies in Iranian ICT Industry with Emphasis on Business Model Detection”, Industrial Management Perspective, Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 107-130, 2012. {In Persian}
- Mitcham, Carl; Schatzberg, Eric; “Defining Technology and the Engineering Sciences”, in Meijers, A.W.M. (Ed.), Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Amsterdam: North Holland, pp. 27-63, 2009.
- Moody, L. E.; Developing a theoretical design for research. In L. E. Moody (Ed.), Advancing nursing science through research, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, pp. 211–248, 1990.
- NASA; NASA Technology Roadmaps, national aeronautics and space administration, 2015.
- OECD; Frascati manual for R&D assessment, Trans. Niksiar F. Tehran: National Institute for Science Policy, 2005.
- Oliveira, M. B.; “Technology and basic science: the linear model of innovation”, Sci. stud., 12, 2014.
- Perrow, Charles; Organizational Analysis: A Sociological View, United Kingdom: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1970.
- Porter, A. L.; et al.; “Technology futures analysis: Toward integration of the field and new methods”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 71, Issue 3, pp. 287–303, 2004.
- Porter, A. L.; Roessner, J. D.; Jin, X.-Y.; Newman, N. C.; “Measuring national emerging technology capabilities”, Science and Public Policy, Vol. 29, Issue 3, pp. 189-200, 2002.
- Reding, D.F.; Eaton, J.; “Science & Technology Trends 2020-2040”, NATO Science & Technology Organization, pp. 33-58, 2020.
- Reuter, C.; Altmann, J.; Göttsche, M.; Himmel, M.; “Natural-Science and Technical Peace Research: Definition, History and Current Work”, S+F (Security and Peace), Vol. 38, Issue 1, in press 2020.
- Rodgers, B.-L.; Concept Analysis. An Evolutionary View, In: Rodgers, B.L. and Knafl, K.A., Eds., Concept Development in Nursing: Foundation Techniques, and Applications, 2nd Edition, W-B Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Chapter 6, pp. 77-102, 2000.
- Kline, S. J.; Rosenberg, N.; “An Overview of Innova- tion”, In: R. Landau and N. Rosenberg, Eds., The Positive Sum Strategy, Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth, pp. 275-305, 1986.
- Schwartz-Barcott, D.; Kim, H. S.; An expansion and elaboration of the hybrid model of concept development, In B. L. Rodgers & K A. Knafl (Eds.), Concept development in nursing (2nd ed., pp. 129–160). Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000.
- Serendipity; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/serendipity, Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. Last access Nov. 2018.
- Shokatian, T.; Ghazinoory, S. S.; (2019). Challenges of Policy Making in the Realm of Basic Research. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 347-361, 2019. {In Persian}
- Simchi, Hamidreza; The strategy of simultaneous and balanced development of science, technology and innovation in developing countries, Defence Industries Training and Research Institute, 2020. {In Persian}
- Small, H.; Boyack, K. W.; Klavans, R.; “Identifying emerging topics in science and technology”, Research Policy, Vol. 48, Issue 8, pp. 1450-1467, 2014.
- Sohrabi, B.; Khalili Jafaraabd, A.; Roodi, A.; Discover the Properties of Emerging Research Areas Using,
- Srinivasan, R.; “Sources, characteristics, and e_ects of emerging technologies: Research opportunities in innovation”. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 37, Issue 6, pp. 633-640, 2008.
- Stahl, B. C.; “What does the future hold? A critical view on emerging information and communication technologies and their social consequences”, In Chiasson, M., Henfridsson,O., Karsten, H., and DeGross, J. I., editors, Research- ing the Future in Information Systems: IFIP WG 8.2 Working Conference, Future IS 2011, Turku, Finland, June 6-8, 2011,Proceedings, pages 59-76, Springer, Heidelberg, 2011.
- Stephen Harwood; Sally Eaves; “Conceptualising technology, its development and future: The six genres of technology”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 160, 2020.
- Suddaby, R.; “Editor’s comments: Construct clarity in theories of management and organization”, Academy of Management Review, Academy of Management, Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp. 346-357, 2010.
- Technology and Innovation Cabinet Office; Government of Japan; “Report on the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan Council for Science”, 2015.
- Tess Hellgren; Maryse Penny; Matt Bassford; “Future Technology Landscapes Insights, analysis, and implications for defence CASE STUDY DOCUMENTATION”, The research described in this report was prepared for the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), 2013.
- Walker, L.; Avant K.; “Strategies for theory construction in nursing Concept Anal”, No. 3, pp. 37-54, 2005.
- Walker LO; Avant KC.; Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing, 5th ed. London: Pearson New International Edition, 2014.
- Weaver, K.; Morse, J.; Mitcham, C.; “Ethical sensitivity in professional practice: Concept analysis”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 62, Issue 5, pp. 607–618, 2008.
- Wilson, J.; Thinking with concepts, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1963.
- Woodward; JThe sales woman: A study of attitudes and behavior in retail distribution etc., London, Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1960.
- Zeleny, M.; High technology management, Human Systems Management, pp. 109-120, 1986.
- Zohri, M.; Chavoshi, S.; Dalaei, M.; The strategy of developing strategic technologies on the platform of integrated management of science and technology with an emphasis on advanced complex and exploratory sciences and technologies (first), Defence Industries Training and Research Institute, 2020. {In Persian}
)