یک مدل ساختاری- تفسیری از عوامل موثر بر واسطه‌گری نوآوری در ایران

هاشم, فاطمه; قاضی نوری, سپهر; رادفر, رضا

doi:10.22034/jtd.2023.701956

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی مدیریت تکنولوژی- گرایش مدیریت نوآوری- دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد- واحد علوم تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - ایران

² استاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

³ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات

https://doi.org/10.22034/jtd.2023.701956

چکیده

اهرم‌سازی فناوری از طریق عملیات میانجیگری و یا واسطه‌گری نوآوری باز ، ابزاری با ارزش در نوآوری باز و ایجاد قابلیت‌های تاثیرگذار در تکمیل زنجیره ارزش فرآیند نوآوری به‌شمار میایند. تسهیل و تسریع در پیچیدگی‌های بازار فناوری، نتیجه حضور موثر واسطه‌گران نوآوری است. با توجه به‌شکاف عمیق فناوری و چالش‌های فرآیندهای نوآوری در ایران و همچنین ضعف کارکردی این گروه از کارگزاران شبکه نوآوری در ایران، این مقاله در پی آن است که با تعیین عوامل تاثیرگذار در نقش و فعالیت واسطه‌گران نوآوری در پلتفرم نوآوری باز، و سطح بندی عوامل با استفاده از مدل ساختاری- تفسیری، راهکارهای اجرایی برای رفع شکاف ارتباطی و تقویت بازیگران نظام نوآوری ایران ارائه دهد.این پژوهش بنیادی و از طریق روش کیفی مبتنی بر تئوری داده بنیاد و نرم افزار MAXQDA، متغیرهای اثرگذار مشخص شدند. با تکنیک مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختار یافته با 13 تن از خبرگان آگاه در حوزه نظام نوآوری و مدیران شرکت های واسطه‌گر نوآوری و رسیدن به نقطه اشباع نظری، با استفاده از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، موضوع تحقیق مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. الگوی پارادایمی حاصل براساس پدیده محوری(اثربخشی کارکرد واسطه‌گری نوآوری)، متاثر از شرایط علّی، زمینه-ای و متغیرهای مداخله‌گر، تعیین گردید و جهت تکمیل، و با اجرای فاز کمی، طی نظرسنجی از خبرگان، از طریق روش مدل‌سازی ساختاری-تفسیریISM، عوامل و متغیرهای تاثیرگذار، سطح بندی و استخراج مدل ساختاری-تفسیری و تحلیلMICMAC نسبت به تعیین متغیرهای نفوذپذیر و وابستگی‌های عوامل، صورت پذیرفت. نتایج تحقیق، مؤید نقش کلیدی فرهنگ نوآوری و ضرورت بلوغ درک توسعه فناوری، کاهش تولی‌گری دولت و تمرکز بر نیازهای فناورانه کشور از سوی بازیگران و نهادهای شبکه نوآوری به‌عنوان تاثیرگذارترین عامل در کارکرد بهینه واسطه‌گری نوآوری شناخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Interpretive-Structural Model for Prioritize the Relationship among Effective Factors on innovation intermediation in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

fatemeh hashem ¹
sepehr ghazinoory ²
reza radfar ³

¹ Student of Technology Management - Innovation Management - Faculty of Management and Economics - Research Sciences Unit - Islamic Azad University - Iran

² Professor of STI Policy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ research and sicence university

چکیده [English]

open innovation intermediaries is a Leveraging technology through for valuable tool in open innovation and creating effective capabilities in completing the value chain of the innovation process. Facilitating and speeding up the complexities of the technology market is the result of the effective presence of innovation intermediaries. Considering the deep technological gap and the challenges of innovation processes in Iran, as well as the functional weakness of this group of innovation network brokers in Iran, this article seeks to determine the influencing factors in the role and activity of innovation intermediaries in the open innovation platform. , and stratification of factors by using the structural-interpretive model, provide implementation solutions to resolve the communication gap and strengthen the actors of Iran's innovation system. In this fundamental research, and through the qualitative method based on foundational data theory and MAXQDA software, the influencing variables were determined. . With semi-structured in-depth interview technique with 13 knowledgeable experts in the field of innovation system and managers of innovation intermediary companies and reaching the theoretical saturation point, using open, central and selective coding, the research topic was analyzed. . The resulting paradigmatic model was determined based on the central phenomenon (effectiveness of innovation mediating function), affected by causal conditions, context and intervening variables, and in order to complete it, and by implementing the quantitative phase, during a survey of experts, through the model method Structural-interpretive construction of ISM, influential factors and variables, leveling and extraction of the structural-interpretive model and MICMAC analysis were done to determine the permeable variables and the factors' dependencies. The results of the research confirm the key role of innovation culture and the necessity of maturing the understanding of technology development, reducing government delegation and focusing on the technological needs of the country by the actors and institutions of the innovation network as the most influential factors in the optimal functioning of innovation mediation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

national innovation system
،open innovation platform
،Grounded Theory
،Interpretive Structural Modeling
؛
،Open innovation intermediaries

مراجع

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[2] Agogué, M.; Berthet, E.; Fredberg, T.; Le Masson, P.; Segrestin, B.; Stoetzel, M.; Wiener, M.; Yström, A.; (2017): “Explicating the role of innovation intermediaries in the “unknown”: a contingency approach”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 19-39, 2017.

http://www.open-jim.org. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 8

[3] Arora, A.; Gambardella, A.; Markets for technology, in Handbook of Economics of Innovation, eds. B.H. Hall & N. Rosenberg, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2010.

[4] Azar, A.; Rajabzadeh, A.; Akhvan, A.; "Sustainable production model mapping with interpretive structural modeling approach and fuzzy Dematel", Quarterly Journal of Industrial Management Studies, pp. 1-26, 2018.

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HANDLE: http://hdl.handle.net/10216/105431.ISSN 2183-0606

[6] Chea, A.; Mahdad, M.; Thai, T.; "Moving beyond intermediation: How intermediary organizations shape collaboration dynamics in entrepreneurial ecosystems Roberto Hern´andez", Technovation journal, Vol. 18, 2021.

homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/technovation

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[12] Gholami, H.; et al.; "An ISM Approach for the Barrier Analysis in Implementing Green Campus Operations: Towards Higher Education Sustainability", Sustainability, Vol. 12, Issue 1, p. 363, 2020.

[13] Govindan, K.; Palaniappan, M.; Zhu, Q.; Kannan, D.; "Analysis of third party reverse logistics provider using interpretive structural modeling", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 140, Issue 1, pp. 204-211, 2012.

[14] Hermans, F.; Geerling-Eiff, F.; Potters, J.; Klerkx, L.; "Public-private partnerships as systemic agricultural innovation policy instruments-Assessing their contribution to innovation system function dynamics", NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, Issue 88, pp. 76-95, 2019.

[15] Howells, J.; "Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation", Research policy, Vol. 35, Issue 5, pp. 715-728, 2006.

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Doi: 10.1177/1558689820932311.

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[34] Vidmar, M.; "Enablers, Equippers, Shapers and Movers: A typology of innovation intermediaries' interventions and the development of an emergent innovation system", Acta astronautica, Vol. 179, pp. 280- 289, 2021.

[35] Vignieri, V.; "Crowdsourcing as a mode of open innovation: Exploring drivers of success of a multisided platform through system dynamics modeling", Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Syst Res Behav Sci., pp. 1–17, January 2020

[36] Wang, J.; "Innovation and government intervention: A comparison of Singapore and Hong Kong", Research Policy, Vol. 47, Issue 2, pp. 399-412, 2018.

یک مدل ساختاری- تفسیری از عوامل موثر بر واسطه‌گری نوآوری در ایران

مراجع

مراجع

[1] Aggarwal, A.; "Technology Policies and Acquisition of Technological Capabilities in the Industrial Sector: A Comparative Analysis of the Indian and Korean Experiences", Science,Technology and Society, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 255-304, 2001.

[2] Agogué, M.; Berthet, E.; Fredberg, T.; Le Masson, P.; Segrestin, B.; Stoetzel, M.; Wiener, M.; Yström, A.; (2017): “Explicating the role of innovation intermediaries in the “unknown”: a contingency approach”, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 19-39, 2017.

http://www.open-jim.org. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 8

[3] Arora, A.; Gambardella, A.; Markets for technology, in Handbook of Economics of Innovation, eds. B.H. Hall & N. Rosenberg, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2010.

[4] Azar, A.; Rajabzadeh, A.; Akhvan, A.; "Sustainable production model mapping with interpretive structural modeling approach and fuzzy Dematel", Quarterly Journal of Industrial Management Studies, pp. 1-26, 2018.

[5] Caetano. I.; "Standardization and Innovation Management Journal of Innovation Management Caetan", JIM, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 8-14, 2017.

HANDLE: http://hdl.handle.net/10216/105431.ISSN 2183-0606

[6] Chea, A.; Mahdad, M.; Thai, T.; "Moving beyond intermediation: How intermediary organizations shape collaboration dynamics in entrepreneurial ecosystems Roberto Hern´andez", Technovation journal, Vol. 18, 2021.

homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/technovation

[7] Chesbrough, H.; Christopher, L.; Thomas, Rr.; "Value Creation and Value Capture in Open Innovation”, Journal of product innovation Management, Vol. 35, Issue 6, pp. 930-938, 2018.

[8] Chesbrough, H.; Sabine B.; "The Adoption of Open Innovation in Large Firms Practices", Journal reaserch technology Management, pp. 35-45, Published online: 02 Jan 2018.

[9] Danai Fard, H.; "Theorizing using the inductive approach: the conceptualization strategy of the fundamental theory", Bimonthly scientific-research journal of Shahid University, year 12, pp. 57-70, new period, number 11 2005(in persian).

[10] Derikond, A.; Golred, P.; Rezaiyan, A.; "Designing an organizational social entrepreneurship model: a qualitative research based on foundational data theory", Entrepreneurship Development, Vol. 14, Issue 4, pp. 619-638, 2021(in persian).

[11] Ghazinoory, S.; Narimani, M.; Tatina, S.; "Neoclassical versus evolutionary economics in developing countries: Convergence of policy implications", Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 555-583, 2017.

[12] Gholami, H.; et al.; "An ISM Approach for the Barrier Analysis in Implementing Green Campus Operations: Towards Higher Education Sustainability", Sustainability, Vol. 12, Issue 1, p. 363, 2020.

[13] Govindan, K.; Palaniappan, M.; Zhu, Q.; Kannan, D.; "Analysis of third party reverse logistics provider using interpretive structural modeling", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 140, Issue 1, pp. 204-211, 2012.

[14] Hermans, F.; Geerling-Eiff, F.; Potters, J.; Klerkx, L.; "Public-private partnerships as systemic agricultural innovation policy instruments-Assessing their contribution to innovation system function dynamics", NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, Issue 88, pp. 76-95, 2019.

[15] Howells, J.; "Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation", Research policy, Vol. 35, Issue 5, pp. 715-728, 2006.

[16] Howells, j.; Thomas, E.; "The Role of intermediaries in open innovation: developing a model for collaborative R&D", BAR, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 14, No. 4, art. 2, e170048, 2017

[17] Howellsc, J.; Silvaa, M.; Meyera, M.; "Innovation intermediaries and collaboration: Knowledge–based practices and internal value creation", Research Policy, pp. 70–87, 2018.

[18] http://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2012/12

[19] Huang, J.; Tzeng, G.; Ong, Ch.; "Multidimensional Data in Multidimensional Scaling Using the Analytic Network Process", Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 26, 2005.

[20] Hyysalo, S.; ORCID, P.; Sofi, M.; "Intermediate Codesigning in Transitions Governance: Catalysing and Channelling Participant Action", An International Journal for All Aspects of Design, Vol. 22, Issue 6, 2019.

[21] Kanda, W.; Hjelm, O.; Clausen, J.; Bienkowska, D.; "Roles of intermediaries in supporting eco-innovation", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 205, pp. 1006–1016, 2018.

[22] Khadravisi, H.; Rangriz, H.; Salvati, A.; Sultan Panah, H.; "Identification and review of the transformative organizational performance model", Innovation Management Quarterly in Defense Organizations, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 166-143, 2018.

[23] Kivimaa, P.; Boon, W.; Hyysalo, S.; Klerkx, L.; "Towards a typology of intermediaries in sustainability transitions: A systematic review and a research agenda", Research Policy, Vol. 48, Issue 4, pp. 1062-1075, 2019.

[24] Mohammadi Eliasi, Q.; Zaafrian, R.; Houshmandzadeh, M.; "Identifying the role of intermediary organizations in the national innovation system of Iran", Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Studies, Vol. 2, No. (4/1), p. 187, 2015.

[25] Nowrozi, A.; Tabatabaian, S. H.; Ghazi Nouri, S.S.; "Evaluating the effect of intermediary institutions' functions in eliminating the weaknesses of Iran's national innovation system", Science and Technology Policy, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 15-26, 2015.

[26] Ravi, V.; Shankar, R.; "Analysis of Interaction among the Barriers of Reverse Logistic", Technological Forecasting and Social Chang, No. 72, 2005.

[27] Rossi, F.; Colovic, A.; Caloffi, A.; Russo, M.; Public innovation intermediaries and digital co-creation, Working Paper. Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK, 2021.

[28] Russo, M.; Caloffi, A.; Rossi, F.; Righi, R.; "Innovation intermediaries and performance-based incentives: a case study of regional innovation poles", Science and Public Policy, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 1-12, 2018.

[29] Shim, M.; Johnson, B.; Bradt, J.; Gasson, S.; "A Mixed Methods–Grounded Theory Design for Producing More Refined Theoretical Models", Journal of Mixed Methods Research. Advance online publication, 2020.

Doi: 10.1177/1558689820932311.

[30] Silva, C.; Ramos, I.; "Crowdsourcing Innovation Intermediaries Functions", MCIS 2012 Proceedings, 12, 2012.

[31] Strauss, A.; Corbin, J.; Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd Editin, Sage publication, 1998.

[32] Strauss, A.; Corbin, J.; Basic of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for developing Grounded Theory, Third Edition, Los Angeles: stage publication, 2008.

[33] Vidmar, M.; Building a Functional Typology of Innovation Intermediaries’ Interventions, June 11-13, 2018.

[34] Vidmar, M.; "Enablers, Equippers, Shapers and Movers: A typology of innovation intermediaries' interventions and the development of an emergent innovation system", Acta astronautica, Vol. 179, pp. 280- 289, 2021.

[35] Vignieri, V.; "Crowdsourcing as a mode of open innovation: Exploring drivers of success of a multisided platform through system dynamics modeling", Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Syst Res Behav Sci., pp. 1–17, January 2020

[36] Wang, J.; "Innovation and government intervention: A comparison of Singapore and Hong Kong", Research Policy, Vol. 47, Issue 2, pp. 399-412, 2018.

دوره 21، شماره 53 - شماره پیاپی 53مهر 1402صفحه 45-62

دوره 21، شماره 53 - شماره پیاپی 53
مهر 1402
صفحه 45-62