Technological, economic, and institutional transformations in recent decades have highlighted the necessity of revising traditional models of operation and educational service delivery in the field of music. The present study aims to map the conceptual structure, explain the evolutionary trends, and identify knowledge gaps related to business model innovation in music schools. To achieve this objective, a mixed-method approach combining bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review was employed in order to systematically examine hidden patterns, relationships among key concepts, and major research themes.
The results of the network analysis indicate that within the field of business model innovation, the concept of Business Model Innovation occupies the central position in the network and demonstrates the strongest connections with concepts such as sustainability, institutional theory, entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, circular economy, strategy, strategic management, and creative industries. This finding reflects the evolution of the literature from conceptual fragmentation toward theoretical coherence and a growing emphasis on innovation, sustainability, and value creation.
Furthermore, in the cluster related to music education, Music Education emerged as the core concept of the network, while concepts such as Music, Learning, Creativity, Music School, Curriculum, Teachers, and Students were distributed across two major surrounding clusters. Nevertheless, the analysis of research trends reveals that a significant portion of the literature has primarily focused on educational, learning, and psychological dimensions, with limited attention devoted to managerial, economic, and business model design aspects. This situation highlights a significant research gap in the development of theoretical and practical frameworks for business models in music schools.